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Coking coal, also known as metallurgical coal, is a crucial raw material used in steelmaking. It differs from thermal coal, which is used for electricity generation, due to its unique caking properties that allow it to form coke—a solid carbon mass essential in blast furnaces.

Non-coking coal, also known as thermal coal or steam coal, is primarily used for energy generation rather than in metallurgical processes. Unlike coking coal, it does not have the properties to form coke and is mainly used in power plants, cement industries, and other heating applications.

Petroleum coke (Pet Coke) is a carbon-rich solid byproduct obtained from the oil refining process. It is produced during the thermal decomposition of heavy crude oil in coker units. Pet coke has high carbon content and is primarily used as a fuel or a raw material in various industries.

Coal lifting and mining involve the extraction, transportation, and distribution of coal from mines to various industries. The process includes both underground and surface mining techniques, depending on coal seam depth and geological conditions.

Coal logistics involve the transportation, handling, and distribution of coal from mining sites to power plants, steel plants, cement factories, and export terminals. The two primary modes of coal transportation are road (trucks) and rail (railways), each with its own advantages, challenges, and cost implications.

A rake in railway logistics refers to a group of wagons or railcars that form a single unit for coal transportation. Efficient rake handling is crucial in coal supply chains to minimize delays, reduce costs, and optimize coal movement from mines to industries.